Abstract
This specification covers a group of common requirements that, unless covered by the individual product specification in another ASTM document, applies to steel forgings for general use. Materials shall be produced primarily by either electric-furnace, basic oxygen, vacuum-induction (VIM), or open-hearth melting process. The primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting, using electro slag (ESR) or vacuum arc remelting (VAR). Steel shall be forged by any of these three classes based on forging temperature: cold-worked forging, hot-cold-worked forging, or hot-worked forging. After forging, specimens shall be allowed to cool prior to reheating for heat treatment. Details of heat and product analyses for the evaluation of chemical composition are thoroughly discussed. Tension and hardness tests shall be conducted to evaluate mechanical properties such as percentage of elongation and reduction of area. Repair welding shall not be allowed unless permitted by the product specification.
Scope
1.1 This specification2 covers a group of common requirements that, unless otherwise specified in the individual product specification, shall apply to steel forgings under any of the following specifications issued by ASTM:
| ASTM Designation | Title |
|
|
|
| A266/A266M | Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components |
| A288 | Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Magnetic Retaining Rings for Turbine Generators |
| A289/A289M | Alloy Steel Forgings for Nonmagnetic Retaining Rings for Generators |
| A290/A290M | Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Rings for Reduction Gears |
| A291/A291M | Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for Pinions, Gears, and Shafts for Reduction Gears |
| A336/A336M | Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure and High-Temperature Parts |
| A372/A372M | Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels |
| A427/A427M | Wrought Alloy Steel Rolls for Cold and Hot Reduction |
| A469/A469M | Vacuum-Treated Steel Forgings for Generator Rotors |
| A470/A470M | Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Turbine Rotors and Shafts |
| A471/A471M | Vacuum-Treated Alloy Steel Forgings for Turbine Rotor Disks and Wheels |
| A504/A504M | Wrought Carbon Steel Wheels |
| A508/A508M | Quenched and Tempered Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessels |
| A521/A521M | Steel, Closed-Impression Die Forgings for General Industrial Use |
| A541/A541M | Quenched and Tempered Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components |
| A579/A579M | Superstrength Alloy Steel Forgings |
| A592/A592M | High-Strength Quenched and Tempered Low-Alloy Steel Forged Parts for Pressure Vessels |
| A646/A646M | Premium Quality Alloy Steel Blooms and Billets for Aircraft and Aerospace Forgings |
| A649/A649M | Forged Steel Rolls Used for Corrugating Paper Machinery |
| A668/A668M | Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for General Industrial Use |
| A711/A711M | Steel Forging Stock |
| A723/A723M | Alloy Steel Forgings for High-Strength Pressure Component Application |
| A729/A729M | Carbon and Alloy Steel Axles, Heat Treated, for Mass Transit and Electric Railway Service |
| A765/A765M | Carbon Steel and Low-Alloy Steel Pressure-Vessel-Component Forgings with Mandatory Toughness Requirements |
| A768/A768M | Vacuum-Treated 12 % Chromium Alloy Steel Forgings for Turbine Rotors and Shafts |
| A837/A837M | Steel Forgings, Alloy, for Carburizing Applications |
| A859/A859M | Age-Hardening Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components |
| A891/A891M | Precipitation Hardening Iron Base Superalloy Forgings for Turbine Rotor Disks and Wheels |
| A909/A909M | Steel Forgings, Microalloy, for General Industrial Use |
| A940/A940M | Vacuum Treated Steel Forgings, Alloy, Differentially Heat Treated, for Turbine Rotors |
| A965/A965M | Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pressure and High Temperature Parts |
| A982/A982M | Steel Forgings, Stainless, for Compressor and Turbine Airfoils |
| A983/A983M | Specification for Continuous Grain Flow Forged Carbon and Alloy Steel Crankshafts for Medium Speed Diesel Engines |
| A986/A986M | Magnetic Particle Examination of Continuous Grain Flow Crankshaft Forgings |
| A1021/A1021M | Martensitic Stainless Steel Forgings and Forging Stock for High-Temperature Service |
| A1049/A1049M | Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and Related Components |
1.2 In case of conflict in requirements, the requirements of the individual product specifications shall prevail over those of this specification.
1.3 The purchaser may specify additional requirements (see 4.2.3) that do not negate any of the provisions of either this specification or of the individual product specifications. The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations with the supplier and must be included in the order.
1.4 If, by agreement, forgings are to be supplied in a partially completed condition, that is, all of the provisions of the product specification have not been filled, then the material marking (see Section 17) and certification (see Section 16) shall reflect the extent to which the product specification requirements have been met.
1.5 As noted in the Certification Section (16), the number and year date of this specification, as well as that of the product specification, are required to be included in the product certification.
1.6 When the SI version of a product specification is required by the purchase order, Specification A788/A788M shall be used in conjunction with Test Methods A1058 instead of Test Methods and Definitions A370.
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
