Significance and Use
5.1 This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development.
Scope
1.1 This test method covers and is required to evaluate the performance of engine oils intended to satisfy certain American Petroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included in Specification D4485). It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.4 Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption is measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are also examined for distress and the rings for mobility.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this standard does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:
|
| Section |
| Scope | 1 |
| Referenced Documents | 2 |
| Terminology | 3 |
| Summary of Test Method | 4 |
| Significance and Use | 5 |
| Apparatus and Installation | 6 |
|  Intake Air System | 6.2.1 |
|  Exhaust System | 6.2.2 |
|  Fuel System | 6.2.3 |
|  Oil Consumption System | 6.2.4 |
|  Engine Oil System | 6.2.5 |
|   Oil Heating System | 6.2.5.1 |
|   Oil Sample Valve | 6.2.5.2 |
|  Engine Coolant System | 6.2.6 |
|  Engine Instrumentation | 6.2.7 |
| Reagents and Materials | 7 |
| Oil Samples | 8 |
| Preparation of Apparatus | 9 |
|  General Engine Assembly Practices | 9.1 |
|  Complete Engine Inspection | 9.2 |
|  Copper Components | 9.3 |
|  Engine Lubricant System Flush | 9.4 |
|  Engine Piston Cooling Jets | 9.5 |
|  Engine Measurements and Inspections | 9.6 |
|  Cylinder Head | 9.7 |
|  Valve Guide Bushings | 9.8 |
|  Fuel Injector | 9.9 |
|  Piston and Rings | 9.10 |
|  Cylinder Liner | 9.11 |
|  Compression Ratio | 9.12 |
|  Engine Timing | 9.13 |
|  Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure | 9.14 |
| Calibration and Standardization | 10 |
|  Test Cell Instrumentation | 10.1 |
|  Instrumentation Standards | 10.2 |
|  Coolant Flow | 10.3 |
|  Re-calibration Requirements | 10.4 |
|  Fuel Injectors | 10.5 |
|  Air Flow | 10.6 |
|  Intake Air Barrel | 10.7 |
|  Fuel Filter | 10.8 |
|  Oil Scale Flow Rates | 10.9 |
|  Calibration of Test Stands | 10.10 |
|  Extending Test Stand Calibration Period | 10.11 |
|  Test Run Numbering | 10.13 |
|  Humidity Calibration Requirements | 10.14 |
|  Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters | 10.15 |
| Procedure | 11 |
|  Engine Break-in Procedure | 11.1 |
|  Cool-down Procedure | 11.2 |
|  Warm-up Procedure | 11.3 |
|  Shutdowns and Lost Time | 11.4 |
|  Periodic Measurements | 11.5 |
|  Engine Control Systems | 11.6 |
|   Engine Coolant | 11.6.1 |
|   Engine Fuel System | 11.6.2 |
|   Engine Oil Temperature | 11.6.3 |
|   Exhaust Pressure | 11.6.4 |
|   Intake Air | 11.6.5 |
|  Post-Test Procedures | 11.7 |
|   Piston Ring Side Clearances | 11.7.1 |
|   Piston Ratings | 11.7.2 |
|    Referee Ratings | 11.7.3 |
|   Ring End Gap Increase | 11.7.4 |
|   Cylinder Liner Wear | 11.7.5 |
|   Cylinder Liner Bore Polish | 11.7.6 |
|   Photographs | 11.7.7 |
| Calculation and Interpretation of Results | 12 |
|  Test Validity | 12.1 |
|  Calculations | 12.2 |
|   Quality Index | 12.2.1 |
|   Oil Consumption | 12.2.2 |
| Report | 13 |
|  Forms and Data Dictionary | 13.1 |
|  Test Validity | 13.2 |
|  Report Specifics | 13.3 |
| Precision and Bias | 14 |
|  Precision | 14.1 |
|  Bias | 14.1.4 |
| Keywords | 15 |
| Annexes | |
| Engine and Parts Warranty | Annex A1 |
| Instrument Locations, Measurements, and Calculations | Annex A2 |
| Cooling System Arrangement | Annex A3 |
| Intake Air Mass Flow Sensor Installation | Annex A4 |
| Fuel System Design and Required Components | Annex A5 |
| Oil System | Annex A6 |
| Exhaust and Intake Barrel Piping | Annex A7 |
| Humidity Probe Installation (Location) | Annex A8 |
| Return Goods Authorization (Claim Form) | Annex A9 |
| Engine Assembly Information | Annex A10 |
| Flushing Instructions and Apparatus | Annex A11 |
| Warm-up, Cool-down and Testing Conditions | Annex A12 |
| Piston and Liner Rating Modifications | Annex A13 |
| Additional Report Forms | Annex A14 |
| Test Report Forms | Annex A15 |
| Appendixes | |
| Various Examples for Reference Purposes | Appendix X1 |
| Safety | Appendix X2 |
