Significance and Use
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of an engine oil to control engine wear and deposits under heavy-duty operating conditions selected to accelerate soot generation, valve train wear, and deposit formation in a turbocharged, aftercooled four-stroke-cycle diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.
5.2 This test method can be used for engine oil specification acceptance when all details of this test method are in compliance. Applicable engine oil service categories are included in Specification D4485.
5.3 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions needs to be considered when extrapolating test results.
Scope
1.1 The test method covers a heavy-duty diesel engine test procedure conducted under high soot conditions to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve train wear, top ring wear, sludge deposits, and oil filter plugging in an EGR environment. This test method is commonly referred to as the Cummins ISM Test.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—The only exception is where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing sizes, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.
1.4 Table of Contents:
|
| Section |
| Scope | 1 |
| Referenced Documents | 2 |
| Terminology | 3 |
| Summary of Test Method | 4 |
| Significance and Use | 5 |
| Apparatus | 6 |
|  Test Engine Configuration | 6.1 |
|   Test Engine | 6.1.1 |
|   Oil Heat Exchanger, Adapter Blocks, Block Off Plate | 6.1.2 |
|   Oil Filter Head Modification | 6.1.3 |
|   Oil Pan Modification | 6.1.4 |
|   Engine Control Module (ECM) | 6.1.5 |
|   Engine Position Sensor | 6.1.6 |
|   Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor | 6.1.7 |
|   Barometric Pressure Sensor | 6.1.8 |
|   Turbocharger Controller | 6.1.9 |
|   Power Supply Voltage | 6.1.10 |
|   Air Compressor and Fuel Pump | 6.1.11 |
|   Engine Block Preparation | 6.1.12 |
|  Test Stand Configuration | 6.2 |
|   Engine Mounting | 6.2.1 |
|   Intake Air System | 6.2.2 |
|   Aftercooler | 6.2.3 |
|   Exhaust System | 6.2.4 |
|   Exhaust Gas Recirculation System | 6.2.5 |
|   Fuel System | 6.2.6 |
|   Coolant System | 6.2.7 |
|   Pressurized Oil Fill System | 6.2.8 |
|   External Oil System | 6.2.9 |
|   Crankcase Aspiration | 6.2.10 |
|   Blowby Rate | 6.2.11 |
|  System Time Responses | 6.3 |
|  Oil Sample Containers | 6.4 |
|  Mass Balance | 6.5 |
| Engine and Cleaning Fluids | 7 |
|  Test Oil | 7.1 |
|  Test Fuel | 7.2 |
|  Engine Coolant | 7.3 |
|  Pentane | 7.4 |
|  Solvent | 7.5 |
| Preparation of Apparatus | 8 |
|  Cleaning of Parts | 8.1 |
|   General | 8.1.1 |
|   Engine Block | 8.1.2 |
|   Cylinder Head | 8.1.3 |
|   Rocker Cover and Oil Pan | 8.1.4 |
|   External Oil System | 8.1.5 |
|   Crosshead Cleaning and Measurement | 8.1.6 |
|   Rod Bearing Cleaning and Measurement | 8.1.7 |
|   Ring Cleaning and Measurement | 8.1.8 |
|   Injector Adjusting Screw Cleaning and Measurement | 8.1.9 |
|  Engine Assembly | 8.2 |
|   General | 8.2.1 |
|   Parts Reuse and Replacement | 8.2.2 |
|   Build-Up Oil | 8.2.3 |
|   Coolant Thermostat | 8.2.4 |
|   Oil Thermostat | 8.2.5 |
|   Fuel Injectors | 8.2.6 |
|   New Parts | 8.2.7 |
|  Operational Measurements | 8.3 |
|   Units and Formats | 8.3.1 |
|   Instrumentation Calibration | 8.3.2 |
|   Temperatures | 8.3.3 |
|   Pressures | 8.3.4 |
|   Flow Rates | 8.3.5 |
|   Intake and Exhaust CO2 Measurement | 8.3.6 |
| Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests | 9 |
|  General | 9.1 |
|  New Test Stand | 9.2 |
|   New Test Stand Calibration | 9.2.1 |
|  Stand Calibration Period | 9.3 |
|  Stand Modification and Calibration Status | 9.4 |
|  Test Numbering System | 9.5 |
|   General | 9.5.1 |
|   Reference Oil Tests | 9.5.2 |
|   Non-Reference Oil Tests | 9.5.3 |
|  Reference Oil Test Acceptance | 9.6 |
|  Reference Oil Accountability | 9.7 |
|  Last Start Date | 9.8 |
|  Donated Reference Oil Test Programs | 9.9 |
|  Adjustments to Reference Oil Calibration Periods | 9.10 |
|   Procedural Deviations | 9.10.1 |
|   Parts and Fuel Shortages | 9.10.2 |
|   Reference Oil Test Data Flow | 9.10.3 |
|   Special Use of the Reference Oil Calibration System | 9.10.4 |
| Test Procedure | 10 |
|  Engine Installation and Stand Connections | 10.1 |
|  Coolant System Fill | 10.2 |
|  Oil Fill for Break-in | 10.3 |
|   Engine Build Committed | 10.3.3 |
|  Fuel Samples | 10.4 |
|  Engine Warm-up | 10.5 |
|   Shutdown During Warm-up | 10.5.1 |
|  Engine Break-in | 10.6 |
|  Shutdown and Maintenance | 10.7 |
|   Normal Shutdown | 10.7.1 |
|   Emergency Shutdown | 10.7.2 |
|   Maintenance | 10.7.3 |
|   Downtime | 10.7.4 |
|  200-h Test Procedure | 10.8 |
|   Oil Fill for Test | 10.8.2 |
|   Operating Conditions | 10.8.4 |
|   Injection Timing Change | 10.8.5 |
|   Mass % Soot Validity | 10.8.6 |
|   Test Timer | 10.8.7 |
|   Operational Data Acquisition | 10.8.8 |
|   Oil Sampling | 10.8.9 |
|   Oil Addition | 10.8.10 |
|  End of Test (EOT) | 10.9 |
|   Engine Disassembly | 10.9.3 |
| Calculations, Ratings and Test Validity | 11 |
|  Crosshead Mass Loss | 11.1 |
|   Crosshead Mass Loss Correction Factor | 11.1.7.1 |
|  Injector Adjusting Screw Mass Loss | 11.2 |
|   Injector Adjusting Screw Correction Factor | 11.2.5 |
|  Ring Mass Loss | 11.3 |
|  Sludge Ratings | 11.4 |
|  Oil Filter Plugging | 11.5 |
|  Oil Analyses | 11.6 |
|  Oil Consumption | 11.7 |
|  Fuel Analyses | 11.8 |
|   Additional Analysis | 11.8.1 |
|  Assessment of Operational Validity | 11.9 |
|  Assessment of Test Interpretability | 11.10 |
| Test Report | 12 |
|  Report Forms | 12.1 |
|  Reference Oil Test | 12.2 |
|  Electronic transmission of Test Results | 12.2.1 |
| Precision and Bias | 13 |
|  Precision | 13.1 |
|   Intermediate Precision Conditions | 13.1.1 |
|   Reproducibility Conditions | 13.1.2 |
|  Bias | 13.2 |
| Keywords | 14 |
| Annexes |
|
| Safety Precautions | Annex A1 |
| Intake Air Aftercooler | Annex A2 |
| Engine Build Parts Kit | Annex A3 |
| Sensor Locations, Special Hardware, and Engine Block Modifications | Annex A4 |
| External Oil System | Annex A5 |
| Fuel Specification | Annex A6 |
| Cummins Service Publications | Annex A7 |
| Specified Units and Formats | Annex A8 |
| Report Forms and Data Dictionary | Annex A9 |
| Sludge Rating Worksheets | Annex A10 |
| Oil Analyses | Annex A11 |
| Determination of Operational Validity | Annex A12 |
| Exhaust CO2 Sampling Probe | Annex A13 |
| ISM Merit Rating Calculation | Annex A14 |
| Appendix |
|
| Typical System Configurations | Appendix X1 |
