Significance and Use
4.1 Many types of measurements are made routinely in research organizations, business and industry, and government and academic agencies. Typically, data are generated from experimental effort or as observational studies. From such data, management decisions are made that may have wide-reaching social, economic, and political impact. Data and decision-making go hand in hand and that is why the quality of any measurement is important. This guide presents selected concepts and methods useful for describing and understanding the measurement process. This guide is not intended to be a comprehensive survey of this topic or address specific applications.
4.2 Any measurement result will be said to originate from a measurement process or system. The measurement process will consist of a number of input variables and general conditions that affect the final value of the measurement. The process variables, hardware and software and their properties, and the human effort required to obtain a measurement constitute the measurement process.
4.3 A measurement process will have several properties that characterize the effect of the input variables and general conditions on the measurement results. The properties of a measurement system are discussed in Section 5.
4.4 Measurement System Analysis (MSA) is a broad class of methods used to study the properties of measurement systems, either individually, or some relevant subset of properties taken collectively. In studying one or more of these properties, the final result is some assessment of the capability of the measurement system with respect to the property under investigation. Capability may be cast in several ways, and this may also be application dependent. Section 6 discuses basic MSA methods.
Note 1: Sample statistics discussed in this guide are as described in Practice E2586; control chart methodologies are as described in Practice E2587.
Abstract
This guide presents terminology, concepts, and selected methods and formulas useful for measurement systems analysis (MSA). Measurement systems analysis may be broadly described as a body of theory and methodology that applies to the non-destructive measurement of the physical properties of manufactured objects. This guide presents selected concepts and methods useful for describing and understanding the measurement process. This guide is not intended to be a comprehensive survey of this topic.
Scope
1.1 This guide presents terminology, concepts, and selected methods and formulas useful for measurement systems analysis (MSA). Measurement systems analysis may be broadly described as a body of theory and methodology that applies to the nondestructive measurement of the physical properties of manufactured or natural objects.
1.2 Units—The system of units for this guide is not specified. Dimensional quantities in the guide are presented only as illustrations of calculation methods and are not binding on products or test methods treated.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
