Significance and Use
6.1 Intended Use—Compliance with this practice provides the procuring organization with assurance that human users will be efficient, effective, and safe in the operation and maintenance of marine systems, equipment, and facilities. Specifically, it is intended to ensure the following:
6.1.1 System performance requirements are achieved reliably by appropriate use and accommodation of the human component of the system.
6.1.2 Usable design of equipment, software, and environment permits the human-equipment/software combination to meet system performance goals.
6.1.3 System features, processes, and procedures do not constitute hazards to humans.
6.1.4 Trade-offs between automated and manual operations results in effective human performance and appropriate cost control.
6.1.5 Manpower, personnel, and training requirements are met.
6.1.6 Selected HSI design standards are applied that are adequate and appropriate technically.
6.1.7 Systems and equipments are designed to facilitate required maintenance.
6.1.8 Procedures for operating and maintaining equipment are efficient, reliable, approved for maritime use, and safe.
6.1.9 Potential error-inducing equipment design features are eliminated, or at least, minimized, and systems are designed to be error-tolerant.
6.1.10 Layouts and arrangements of equipment afford efficient traffic patterns, communications, and use.
6.1.11 Habitability facilities and working spaces meet environmental control and physical environment requirements to provide the level of comfort and quality of life for the crew that is conducive to maintaining optimum personnel performance and endurance.
6.1.12 Hazards to human health are minimized.
6.1.13 Personnel survivability is maximized.
6.2 Scope and Nature of Work—HSI includes, but is not limited to, active participation throughout all phases in the life cycle of a marine system, including requirements definition, design, development, production, operations and decommissioning. HSI, as a systems engineering process, should be integrated fully into the larger engineering process. For the government, the HSI systems engineering process is manifested in both a more formalized, full scale system acquisition, as well as a non-developmental item acquisition. For the commercial industry, the system acquisition process is less formal and more streamlined. Each process is described below.
6.3 Government Formalized, Full Scale Acquisition—The U.S. Government's acquisition process is composed of six steps, as illustrated in Fig. 3. Each phase is briefly summarized below.
6.6 Modernization—One key part of operations and support is modernization. In many cases in both government and commercial marine system development, existing designs are modified, retrofitted, or modernized to meet new mission requirements or to implement new technology. In these cases, design activities are focused on the modifications and their integration with the existing design rather than the complete marine system. These design activities follow a systems engineering process, much like new design.
6.6.1 HSI activities during modernization may include any of those listed in the following sections but scaled to focus on the modifications and their integration with the existing design. HSI activities should focus on determining the impact of the modifications on existing manpower, personnel, and training (MPT) requirements and identifying how MPT considerations may need to be modified for successful integration. HSI activities also focus on ensuring that modifications are integrated into the existing marine system without any negative implications to human performance, safety, occupational health, survivability or habitability.
Scope
1.1 Objectives—This practice establishes and defines the processes and associated requirements for incorporating Human Systems Integration (HSI) into all phases of government and commercial ship, offshore structure, and marine system and equipment (hereafter referred to as marine system) acquisition life cycle. HSI must be integrated fully with the engineering processes applied to the design, acquisition, and operations of marine systems. This application includes the following:
1.1.1 Ships and offshore structures.
1.1.2 Marine systems, machinery, and equipment developed to be deployed on a ship or offshore structure where their design, once integrated into the ship or offshore structure, will potentially impact human performance, safety and health hazards, survivability, morale, quality of life, and fitness for duty.
1.1.3 Integration of marine systems and equipment into ships and offshore structures including arrangements, facility layout, installations, communications, and data links.
1.1.4 Modernization and retrofitting ships and offshore structures.
1.2 Target Audience—The intended audience for this document consists of individuals with HSI training and experience representing the procuring activity, contractor or vendor personnel with HSI experience, and engineers and management personnel familiar with HSI methods, processes, and objectives. See 5.2.3 for guidance on qualifications of HSI specialists.
1.3 Contents—This document is divided into the following sections and subsections.
| TABLE OF CONTENTS | |
| Section | Title |
| 1 | Scope |
| 1.1 | Objectives |
| 1.2 | Target Audience |
| 1.3 | Contents |
| 2 | Human Systems Integration |
| 2.1 | Definition of Human Systems Integration |
| 2.2 | HSI Integration Process |
| 2.3 | HSI Program Requirements |
| 3 | Referenced Documents |
| 3.1 | Introduction |
| 3.2 | ASTM Standards |
| 3.3 | Commercial Standards and Documents |
| 3.4 | Government Standards and Documents |
| 4 | Terminology |
| 4.1.1 | Arrangement Drawing |
| 4.1.2 | Contractor |
| 4.1.3 | Critical Activity |
| 4.1.4 | Cultural Expectation |
| 4.1.5 | Damage Control |
| 4.1.6 | Function |
| 4.1.7 | Human Systems Integration |
| 4.1.8 | High Drivers |
| 4.1.9 | Human Error |
| 4.1.10 | Manning |
| 4.1.11 | Manpower |
| 4.1.12 | Marine System |
| 4.1.13 | Mission |
| 4.1.14 | Offshore Structure or Facility |
| 4.1.15 | Operational Requirements |
| 4.1.16 | Panel Layout Drawings |
| 4.1.17 | Procuring Organization |
| 4.1.18 | System |
| 4.1.19 | Task |
| 4.1.20 | User Interface |
| 4.1.21 | Vendor |
| 5 | Summary of Practice |
| 5.1 | HSI Design Objectives |
| 5.2 | Key Success Factors |
| 5.3 | HSI Plan |
| 5.4 | HSI Integrated Product Team |
| 5.6 | Quality Assurance |
| 5.7 | Nonduplication |
| 5.8 | Cognizance and Coordination |
| 6 | Significance of Use |
| 6.1 | Intended Use |
| 6.2 | Scope and Nature of Work |
| 6.3 | Government Formalized, Full Scale Acquisition |
| 6.4 | Commercial Acquisition Process |
| 6.5 | Non-Developmental Item Acquisition |
| 6.6 | Modernization |
| 7 | HSI Activities |
| 7.1 | Overview |
| 7.2 | HSI Lessons Learned |
| 7.3 | Early Marine Systems Analyses |
| 7.4 | Front End Analysis |
| 7.5 | HSI Risk Analysis |
| 7.6 | Manpower Analyses |
| 7.7 | Personnel Analyses |
| 7.8 | Training Analyses |
| 7.9 | Workload Analysis |
| 7.10 | HSI Input to Procurement Documents and Specifications |
| 7.11 | SOH Hazards Analyses |
| 7.12 | Personnel Survivability Analyses |
| 7.13 | Habitability Analysis |
| 7.14 | Health Service Analysis |
| 7.15 | Modeling and Simulation |
| 7.16 | User Interface (UI) Design |
| 7.17 | Usability Evaluations and UI Concept Exploration |
| 7.18 | Valve Criticality Analysis |
| 7.19 | Link Analysis |
| 7.20 | Design Reviews |
| 7.21 | Drawings and CAD Model Reviews |
| 7.22 | Inspections |
| 7.23 | Developmental Test and Evaluation |
| 7.24 | Operational Test and Evaluation |
| 8 | Documentation |
| 8.1 | Data Requirements |
| 8.2 | Traceability |
| 8.3 | Access to Data |
| 9 | Keywords |
| Figure | Figure Title |
| Fig. 1 | Process for Determining the Need for an HSI Program |
| Fig. 2 | Sample Outline of a Typical HSIP |
| Fig. 3 | Government HSI Systems Engineering Process and the System Acquisition Life Cycle |
| Fig. 4 | Phases of the Commercial Ship Acquisition Process |
| Table | Table Title |
| Table 1 | Description of Government-Oriented HSI Domains |
| Table 2 | Key Interactions among HSI Domains |
| Table 3 | Minimum Qualifications for HSI Specialists |
| Table 4 | Typical HSI Questions for NDI Acquisitions |
| Table 5 | HSI Activities by Government Acquisition Phase |
| Table 6 | HSI Activities by Commercial Industry Acquisition Phase |
| Table 7 | Function Allocation Considerations |
| Table 8 | Typical Task Analysis Information |
| Table 9 | Example HSI Risk Probability Ratings |
| Table 10 | Example HSI Risk Severity Ratings |
| Table 11 | Example Human System Integration Risk Index |
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
